Merge branch 'develop' into display-empty-lincomb

.circleci/config.yml

@@ -2,6 +2,33 @@ version: 2
 
 jobs:
   build:
+    docker:
+      - image: rustlang/rust:nightly-slim
+    steps:
+      - checkout
+      - run:
+          name: Version information
+          command: rustc --version; cargo --version; rustup --version
+      - run:
+          name: Calculate dependencies
+          command: cargo generate-lockfile
+      - restore_cache:
+          keys:
+            - v4-cargo-cache-{{ arch }}-{{ checksum "Cargo.lock" }}
+      - run:
+          name: Build libsnark
+          command: LIBSNARK_SOURCE_PATH=$HOME/libsnark ./build_libsnark.sh
+      - run:
+          name: Build
+          command: WITH_LIBSNARK=1 LIBSNARK_SOURCE_PATH=$HOME/libsnark RUSTFLAGS="-D warnings" ./build.sh
+      - save_cache:
+          paths:
+            - /usr/local/cargo/registry
+            - target/debug/.fingerprint
+            - target/debug/build
+            - target/debug/deps
+          key: v4-cargo-cache-{{ arch }}-{{ checksum "Cargo.lock" }}
+  test:
     docker:
       - image: rustlang/rust:nightly-slim
     steps:
@@ -18,9 +45,6 @@ jobs:
       - run:
           name: Check format
           command: rustup component add rustfmt-preview; cargo fmt --all -- --check
-      # - run:
-      #     name: Download wasm32 target
-      #     command: rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown
       - run:
           name: Build libsnark
           command: LIBSNARK_SOURCE_PATH=$HOME/libsnark ./build_libsnark.sh
@@ -30,22 +54,76 @@ jobs:
       - run:
           name: Run tests
           command: WITH_LIBSNARK=1 LIBSNARK_SOURCE_PATH=$HOME/libsnark RUSTFLAGS="-D warnings" cargo test --release -- --test-threads=1
-      # - run:
-      #     name: Run tests with WASM enabled
-      #     command: cd zokrates_core && cargo test --release --features wasm -- --test-threads=1
-      - run:
-          name: Run integration tests
-          command: WITH_LIBSNARK=1 LIBSNARK_SOURCE_PATH=$HOME/libsnark RUSTFLAGS="-D warnings" cargo test --release -- --ignored
       - run:
           name: Generate code coverage report
           command: ./scripts/cov.sh
+  wasm_test:
+    docker:
+      - image: rustlang/rust:nightly-slim
+    steps:
+      - checkout
       - run:
-          name: Publish book
+          name: Version information
-          command: ./scripts/publish_book.sh
+          command: rustc --version; cargo --version; rustup --version
-      - save_cache:
+      - run:
-          paths:
+          name: Calculate dependencies
-            - /usr/local/cargo/registry
+          command: cargo generate-lockfile
-            - target/debug/.fingerprint
+      - restore_cache:
-            - target/debug/build
+          keys:
-            - target/debug/deps
+            - v4-cargo-cache-{{ arch }}-{{ checksum "Cargo.lock" }}
-          key: v4-cargo-cache-{{ arch }}-{{ checksum "Cargo.lock" }}
+      - run:
+          name: Download wasm32 target
+          command: rustup target add wasm32-unknown-unknown
+      - run:
+          name: Run tests with WASM enabled
+          command: cd zokrates_core && cargo test --release --features wasm -- --test-threads=1
+  integration_test:
+    docker:
+      - image: rustlang/rust:nightly-slim
+    steps:
+      - checkout
+      - run:
+          name: Version information
+          command: rustc --version; cargo --version; rustup --version
+      - run:
+          name: Calculate dependencies
+          command: cargo generate-lockfile
+      - restore_cache:
+          keys:
+            - v4-cargo-cache-{{ arch }}-{{ checksum "Cargo.lock" }}
+      - run:
+          name: Build libsnark
+          command: LIBSNARK_SOURCE_PATH=$HOME/libsnark ./build_libsnark.sh
+      - run:
+          name: Run integration tests
+          command: WITH_LIBSNARK=1 LIBSNARK_SOURCE_PATH=$HOME/libsnark RUSTFLAGS="-D warnings" cargo test --release -- --ignored
+  deploy:
+    docker:
+      - image: circleci/python
+    steps:
+      - checkout
+      - setup_remote_docker:
+          docker_layer_caching: true
+      - run:
+          name: Release
+          command: ./scripts/release.sh
+
+workflows:
+  version: 2
+  build-test-and-deploy:
+    jobs:
+      - build
+      - test
+      - wasm_test
+      - integration_test
+      - deploy:
+          filters:
+            branches:
+              only:
+                - master
+          requires:
+            - build
+            - test
+            - integration_test
+
+

scripts/publish_book.sh

@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-# Exit if any subcommand fails
-set -e
-
-if [ "$CIRCLE_BRANCH" == "master" ]; then
-    apt-get update
-    apt-get -qq install git python-minimal
-    python --version
-    cargo install mdbook
-    cd zokrates_book && mdbook build
-    git config --global user.email "stefan.deml+zokratesbot@decentriq.ch"
-    git clone https://github.com/Zokrates/zokrates.github.io.git
-    git clone https://github.com/davisp/ghp-import.git
-    cd zokrates.github.io
-    TAG=$(cat ../zokrates_cli/Cargo.toml | grep '^version' | awk '{print $3}' | sed -e 's/"//g') && echo $TAG
-    ../ghp-import/ghp_import.py -n -p -f -m "Documentation upload. Version:  $TAG" -b "master" -r https://zokratesbot:"$GH_TOKEN"@github.com/Zokrates/zokrates.github.io.git ../book
-    echo "Published book"
-fi
-

scripts/release.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# Exit if any subcommand fails
+set -e
+
+# Get tag
+TAG=$(cat ./zokrates_cli/Cargo.toml | grep '^version' | awk '{print $3}' | sed -e 's/"//g') && echo $TAG
+
+# Use zokrates github bot
+git config --global user.email $GH_USER
+
+# Release on Dockerhub
+
+## Build
+docker build -t zokrates .
+
+## Log into Dockerhub
+echo $DOCKERHUB_PASS | docker login -u $DOCKERHUB_USER --password-stdin
+
+## Release under `latest` tag
+docker tag zokrates:latest zokrates/zokrates:latest
+docker push zokrates/zokrates:latest
+echo "Published zokrates/zokrates:latest"
+
+## Release under $TAG tag
+docker tag zokrates:latest zokrates/zokrates:$TAG
+docker push zokrates/zokrates:$TAG
+echo "Published zokrates/zokrates:$TAG"
+
+# Release on Github
+git tag $TAG
+git push origin $TAG
+
+# Publish book
+MDBOOK_TAR="https://github.com/rust-lang-nursery/mdBook/releases/download/v0.2.1/mdbook-v0.2.1-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu.tar.gz"
+
+cd zokrates_book
+
+## Install mdbook
+wget -qO- $MDBOOK_TAR | tar xvz
+
+## Build book
+./mdbook build
+
+## Deploy to github.io
+git clone https://github.com/Zokrates/zokrates.github.io.git
+git clone https://github.com/davisp/ghp-import.git
+cd zokrates.github.io
+../ghp-import/ghp_import.py -n -p -f -m "Documentation upload. Version:  $TAG" -b "master" -r https://zokratesbot:"$GH_TOKEN"@github.com/Zokrates/zokrates.github.io.git ../book
+echo "Published book"
+

tools/zokrates_wasm_plugin/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-[package]
-name = "zokrates_wasm_plugin"
-version = "0.1.0"
-authors = ["Guillaume Ballet <gballet@gmail.com>"]
-edition = "2018"
-
-[dependencies]
-parity-wasm = "0.35.3"
-clap = "2.32.0"

zokrates_book/src/SUMMARY.md

@@ -16,5 +16,6 @@
     - [CLI](reference/cli.md)
     - [Backends](reference/backends.md)
     - [Verification](reference/verification.md)
+    - [ZIR](reference/ir.md)
 
-- [Tutorial: Proof of preimage](./sha256example.md)
+- [Tutorial: Proof of preimage](./sha256example.md)

zokrates_book/src/concepts/variables.md

@@ -1,4 +1,26 @@
 ## Variables
 
 Variables can have any name which does not start with a number. Underscores are not allowed in variable names.
-Variables are mutable, and always passed by values to functions.
+Variables are mutable, and always passed by value to functions.
+
+### Shadowing
+
+Shadowing is not allowed.
+```zokrates
+{{#include ../../../zokrates_cli/examples/book/no_shadowing.code}}
+```
+
+### Scope
+
+#### Function
+
+Functions have their own scope
+```zokrates
+{{#include ../../../zokrates_cli/examples/book/function_scope.code}}
+```
+
+#### For-loop
+For-loops have their own scope
+```zokrates
+{{#include ../../../zokrates_cli/examples/book/for_scope.code}}
+```

zokrates_book/src/reference/index.md

@@ -6,3 +6,4 @@ The reference covers the details of various areas of ZoKrates.
     - [CLI](cli.md)
     - [Backends](backends.md)
     - [Verification](verification.md)
+    - [ZIR](ir.md)

zokrates_book/src/reference/ir.md

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+# ZIR
+
+ZIR is the intermediate representation ZoKrates uses to represent programs. It is close to R1CS but still encapsulates witness generation.
+
+**Note that ZIR is still in development and can change without notice.**
+
+When generating R1CS constraints, very large numbers are often used, which can make reading ZIR hard for humans.
+To mitigate this, ZIR applies an isomorphism when displaying field elements: they are shown as members of the interval `[- (p - 1)/2, (p - 1)/2]`. In other words, the following mapping is used:
+- elements in `[0, (p - 1)/2]` map to themselves
+- elements in `[(p + 1)/2, p - 1]` map to themselves minus `p`
+
+Therefore, instead of writing `p - 1` as:
+```
+21888242871839275222246405745257275088548364400416034343698204186575808495616
+```
+... in ZIR, we simply write:
+```
+-1
+```

zokrates_cli/examples/book/for_scope.code

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+def main() -> (field):
+	field a = 0
+	for field i in 0..5 do
+		a = a + i
+	endfor
+	// return i <- not allowed
+	return a

zokrates_cli/examples/book/function_scope.code

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+def foo() -> (field):
+	// return myGlobal <- not allowed
+	return 42
+
+def main() -> (field):
+	field myGlobal = 42
+	return foo()

zokrates_cli/examples/book/no_shadowing.code

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+def main() -> (field):
+	field a = 2
+	// field a = 3 <- not allowed
+	for field i in 0..5 do
+		// field a = 7 <- not allowed
+	endfor
+	return a

zokrates_cli/examples/error/out_of_for_scope.code

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+def main() -> (field):
+	for field i in 0..5 do
+	endfor
+	return i

zokrates_cli/examples/error/shadowing.code

@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@ def foo() -> (field):
 	return 1
 
 def main() -> (field):
-	bool a
+	field a = 2
 	field a = foo()
 	return 1

zokrates_core/src/ir/expression.rs

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ impl<T: Field> fmt::Display for LinComb<T> {
                 "{}",
                 self.0
                     .iter()
-                    .map(|(k, v)| format!("{} * {}", v, k))
+                    .map(|(k, v)| format!("{} * {}", v.to_compact_dec_string(), k))
                     .collect::<Vec<_>>()
                     .join(" + ")
             ),

zokrates_field/src/field.rs

@@ -71,6 +71,9 @@ pub trait Field:
     fn get_required_bits() -> usize;
     /// Tries to parse a string into this representation
     fn try_from_str<'a>(s: &'a str) -> Result<Self, ()>;
+    /// Returns a decimal string representing a the member of the equivalence class of this `Field` in Z/pZ
+    /// which lies in [-(p-1)/2, (p-1)/2]
+    fn to_compact_dec_string(&self) -> String;
 }
 
 #[derive(PartialEq, PartialOrd, Clone, Eq, Ord, Hash, Serialize, Deserialize)]
@@ -129,6 +132,17 @@ impl Field for FieldPrime {
             value: &x - x.div_floor(&*P) * &*P,
         })
     }
+    fn to_compact_dec_string(&self) -> String {
+        // values up to (p-1)/2 included are represented as positive, values between (p+1)/2 and p-1 as represented as negative by subtracting p
+        if self.value <= FieldPrime::max_value().value / 2 {
+            format!("{}", self.value.to_str_radix(10))
+        } else {
+            format!(
+                "({})",
+                (&self.value - (FieldPrime::max_value().value + BigInt::one())).to_str_radix(10)
+            )
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 impl Default for FieldPrime {
@@ -612,6 +626,29 @@ mod tests {
             let bv = fp.to_dec_string();
             assert_eq!(fp, FieldPrime::from_dec_string(bv));
         }
+
+        #[test]
+        fn compact_representation() {
+            let one = FieldPrime::from(1);
+            assert_eq!("1", &one.to_compact_dec_string());
+            let minus_one = FieldPrime::from(0) - one;
+            assert_eq!("(-1)", &minus_one.to_compact_dec_string());
+            // (p-1)/2 -> positive notation
+            let p_minus_one_over_two =
+                (FieldPrime::from(0) - FieldPrime::from(1)) / FieldPrime::from(2);
+            assert_eq!(
+                "10944121435919637611123202872628637544274182200208017171849102093287904247808",
+                &p_minus_one_over_two.to_compact_dec_string()
+            );
+            // (p-1)/2 + 1 -> negative notation (p-1)/2 + 1 - p == (-p+1)/2
+            let p_minus_one_over_two_plus_one = ((FieldPrime::from(0) - FieldPrime::from(1))
+                / FieldPrime::from(2))
+                + FieldPrime::from(1);
+            assert_eq!(
+                "(-10944121435919637611123202872628637544274182200208017171849102093287904247808)",
+                &p_minus_one_over_two_plus_one.to_compact_dec_string()
+            );
+        }
     }
 
     #[test]